Restrictions on the route of a march or sound equipment might violate the First Amendment if they are unnecessary for traffic control or public safety, or if they interfere significantly with effective communication to the intended audience.While certain permit procedures require submitting an application well in advance of the planned event, police can’t use those procedures to prevent a protest in response to breaking news events.These include a march or parade that requires blocking traffic or street closure a large rally requiring the use of sound amplifying devices or a rally over a certain size at most parks or plazas. Certain types of events may require permits.If you don’t have a permit, police officers can ask you to move to the side of a street or sidewalk to let others pass or for safety reasons. You don’t need a permit to march in the streets or on sidewalks, as long as marchers don’t obstruct car or pedestrian traffic.On private property, the owner may set rules related to photography or video. When you are lawfully present in any public space, you have the right to photograph anything in plain view, including federal buildings and the police.Police are permitted to keep antagonistic groups separated but should allow them to be within sight and sound of one another. Police must treat protesters and counterprotesters equally. Counterprotesters also have free speech rights.The government may not restrict your speech if it is taking place on your own property or with the consent of the property owner. Private property owners can set rules for speech on their property. You also likely have the right to speak out on other public property, like plazas in front of government buildings, as long as you are not blocking access to the government building or interfering with other purposes the property was designed for.
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